NOTES: A.H. Mahmoud, R.H. Omar., 2014. ‘Planting Design for Urban Parks: Space Syntax as Landscape Design Assesment Tool.’ Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt. Sciencedirect.com
NOTES:
A.H. Mahmoud, R.H. Omar., 2014. ‘Planting Design for Urban Parks: Space Syntax as Landscape Design Assesment Tool.’ Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt. Sciencedirect.com
ABSTRACT:
INTRODUCTION:
- Investigate freuency and range of movement
- Route choice
- Pedestrian behavior
- Geeralizing
- Space perception that affects movement
- Large amount of qualitive data to generate useful inuts for urban planning
- How social structure is affected by pedestrian trips
- Help in visualizing design concepts
- Exploring how proposed layouts might work in reality
AIM:
- Can planting design method be developed by integrating space syntax theory?
- Possibility of estimating theoretical accessibility or ‘natural movement’
- Help predicting visibility and predictability
BACKGROUND:
PLANTING DESIGN:
- Plant size relative to human figure
- Important design stage
- Use of canopy height
- Control of vision and movement
- Physical experience
- Dividing trees according to size
- Small: Mature height 5-10m
- Medium :10-20
- Tall: 20m
- Research utulizes small mature and medium
- Defining space increasing degree of enclosure
- Use of urban space is linked to te information field generated by surrounding surfaces
- Social influences
- Maitenance requirements
- (Penn 1997)(Benedikt 1979)
- “agents” that navigate through VR environments to retrieve isovists, which represent the measures of visible space throughout configurations and the associated visual fields through the space that they produce
- Formal properties of paths that people take within controlled experiments in VR environments
- Visibility analysis should cover and quantify the third dimension
- Investigated the angular area of the sky observable throughout the urban environment to analyse “sky opening”
- Apart from offering values of typical examples iof typical values the method is also useful for classifying twon squares and investigating the effec of new buildings one ethe perceptions of the environments.
SPACE SYNTAX THEORY:
- Space synatx studies the correlation etween human societies and space from the perspective of the general theory of the structure of populated space in all its different forms: buildings, settlements, cities, and lanscapes
- How the spacial layout of cities influence the economic, social, and environmental outcomes of human movement and social interaction.
- We should think of space not as the background to human activity, as we think of it as the background to objects, but as an essential aspect of everything human beings do in the sense of moveing through space.
SPACE SYNTAX METHODS:
- Fundamental principal
- Social structure
- Spacial
- Populated space
- Mapping social logic
- These parts can be allocated to different:
- groups,
- people, or
- Activities
- Rules of behaviour
- Conventions of behviour
- Related to various parts of the landscape space
Individual parts of landscape space can carry specific symbolic or cultural value
- Space syntax teory rejects the straight forward space as form an society as content distinctions (hillier, Hanson 1984)
- Fundamental concepts are
- Integration
- Connectivity
INTEGRATION:
- Function of mean number of lines and changes
- To go from that space to all other spaces
- “synatctic not metric’
- ‘depth as opposed to distance”
- Significant properties of architectural, urban, and landscape spacial configurations
- Space as ‘integrated’
- When other spaces have a relative shallowness in relation to it.
- Space as ‘seggregated’
- When other spaces have a relative depth to it.
CONNECTIVITY:
- Connectivity of a ‘node’
- Number of other nodes directly connected to it
- Connectivity of a ‘path’
- Length of a ‘path’
- ‘Clustering Coefficient’
- Key measures of topographical alnalysis
- Integration is closely related to human spatail behaviour
- Spacial integration measure of an urban space and the observed human movement that flows in it (hillier 1993, Kim and Penn 2005)
- Space syntax methods of representation and measurement iof the spacial configuration of outdoor spaces could be useful in studies of planting design:
- Infuence pedestrian movement
MODELLING OUTDOOR SPACES USING SPACE SYNTAX:
- Any urban area can be represented as a matrix of connected spaces
- There exist several empirical studies that both pedestrian and vehicle movement can be predicted by local integration measure.
VISIBILITY GRAPH:
- Illustrates visible area from single observation point
- Area,
- perimeter length,
- Number of vertices,
- Length of open or closed boundaris
- Only considers local properties of space
- More than a single isoist is neeed to quantify the actual percieved space because the way and individual experiences and uses space involves motion
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT AND AGENT BASED MODEL:
- Comapred to the number of visitors moveing through an indoor architectural space with the number of agents progressing through and agent based model of the same envronement
- Agen based model suggests to focus on the human accessible typology as invoked through the process of inhabitation
METHODS:
STUDY AREA:
El-Qanater Gardens, Cairo, Egypt.
MEASURES AND TECHNIQUES:
- Global measure of visual integration
- Loca measure of visual clustering coefficient
- Clustering coeffiecient of a given location quantifies the degree of convexity or converse multidirectionality of the isovists generated from that location
- Test the effect of Bell’s propisition that “node” can increase the balance and visual inertia of landscape space (Bell, 2004)
VGA OF THE STUDY AREA:
- Grid of 1.50m covering publically visible and accessible areas
- Landscape features one level of publically accessible space
- Previous studies have shown that integration is significantly correlated with movement
GATE COUNT ANALYSIS:
- “Depthmap ‘agent’ tool was used to calculate the expected ‘gate count’ by predicting pedestrian movement wirhin the three proposals based on the spacial configuration of trees.”
- Tool was developed by Turner (2003) and has been found useful in predicting theoretical movement.
RESULTS:
- According to the results of the VGA
- Highest value of global interraction is found in second option.
DISCUSSION:
- It is possible to predict the social structure of space syntax techniques using the method provided
- Two proposals did not show sufficient clustering potential
THE sOCIAL STRUCTURE OF SPACE:
- They are also expected to encourage social activities in large portions of the park
- Grid alternative creates a static space
- Central walkway does not permit park exploration
CONCLUSION:
- Tree planting has significant effect on spacial layout
REFERENCES:
(FROM ARTICLE)
Hillier, B., J., 1984. The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Penn, A., Hillier, B., Banister, D., Xu, J., 1998. Configurational Modelling of Urban Movement Networks, Environ. Plan B: Plan Des. 25, 59-84.
A.H. Mahmoud, R.H. Omar., 2014. ‘Planting Design for Urban Parks: Space Syntax as Landscape Design Assesment Tool.’ Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt. Sciencedirect.com
ABSTRACT:
- Trees
- Major factor
- Design of spatial qualities
- Outdoor spaces
- Influence of spatial configuration
- Tree planting
- Visual fields
- Urban park
- Space syntax theory
- Assume area can be considererd as a matrix of connected spaces
- Quantitative properties of matrix
- In form of syntactic measurement
- Measurable with computer simulations
- Predicting social structure of proposed space
- Assesing design alternatives
- Significant value
- Pedestrian movement level.
INTRODUCTION:
- Investigate freuency and range of movement
- Route choice
- Pedestrian behavior
- Geeralizing
- Space perception that affects movement
- Large amount of qualitive data to generate useful inuts for urban planning
- How social structure is affected by pedestrian trips
- Help in visualizing design concepts
- Exploring how proposed layouts might work in reality
AIM:
- Can planting design method be developed by integrating space syntax theory?
- Possibility of estimating theoretical accessibility or ‘natural movement’
- Help predicting visibility and predictability
BACKGROUND:
PLANTING DESIGN:
- Plant size relative to human figure
- Important design stage
- Use of canopy height
- Control of vision and movement
- Physical experience
- Dividing trees according to size
- Small: Mature height 5-10m
- Medium :10-20
- Tall: 20m
- Research utulizes small mature and medium
- Defining space increasing degree of enclosure
- Use of urban space is linked to te information field generated by surrounding surfaces
- Social influences
- Maitenance requirements
- (Penn 1997)(Benedikt 1979)
- “agents” that navigate through VR environments to retrieve isovists, which represent the measures of visible space throughout configurations and the associated visual fields through the space that they produce
- Formal properties of paths that people take within controlled experiments in VR environments
- Visibility analysis should cover and quantify the third dimension
- Investigated the angular area of the sky observable throughout the urban environment to analyse “sky opening”
- Apart from offering values of typical examples iof typical values the method is also useful for classifying twon squares and investigating the effec of new buildings one ethe perceptions of the environments.
SPACE SYNTAX THEORY:
- Space synatx studies the correlation etween human societies and space from the perspective of the general theory of the structure of populated space in all its different forms: buildings, settlements, cities, and lanscapes
- How the spacial layout of cities influence the economic, social, and environmental outcomes of human movement and social interaction.
- We should think of space not as the background to human activity, as we think of it as the background to objects, but as an essential aspect of everything human beings do in the sense of moveing through space.
SPACE SYNTAX METHODS:
- Fundamental principal
- Social structure
- Spacial
- Populated space
- Mapping social logic
- These parts can be allocated to different:
- groups,
- people, or
- Activities
- Rules of behaviour
- Conventions of behviour
- Related to various parts of the landscape space
Individual parts of landscape space can carry specific symbolic or cultural value
- Space syntax teory rejects the straight forward space as form an society as content distinctions (hillier, Hanson 1984)
- Fundamental concepts are
- Integration
- Connectivity
INTEGRATION:
- Function of mean number of lines and changes
- To go from that space to all other spaces
- “synatctic not metric’
- ‘depth as opposed to distance”
- Significant properties of architectural, urban, and landscape spacial configurations
- Space as ‘integrated’
- When other spaces have a relative shallowness in relation to it.
- Space as ‘seggregated’
- When other spaces have a relative depth to it.
CONNECTIVITY:
- Connectivity of a ‘node’
- Number of other nodes directly connected to it
- Connectivity of a ‘path’
- Length of a ‘path’
- ‘Clustering Coefficient’
- Key measures of topographical alnalysis
- Integration is closely related to human spatail behaviour
- Spacial integration measure of an urban space and the observed human movement that flows in it (hillier 1993, Kim and Penn 2005)
- Space syntax methods of representation and measurement iof the spacial configuration of outdoor spaces could be useful in studies of planting design:
- Infuence pedestrian movement
MODELLING OUTDOOR SPACES USING SPACE SYNTAX:
- Any urban area can be represented as a matrix of connected spaces
- There exist several empirical studies that both pedestrian and vehicle movement can be predicted by local integration measure.
VISIBILITY GRAPH:
- Illustrates visible area from single observation point
- Area,
- perimeter length,
- Number of vertices,
- Length of open or closed boundaris
- Only considers local properties of space
- More than a single isoist is neeed to quantify the actual percieved space because the way and individual experiences and uses space involves motion
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT AND AGENT BASED MODEL:
- Comapred to the number of visitors moveing through an indoor architectural space with the number of agents progressing through and agent based model of the same envronement
- Agen based model suggests to focus on the human accessible typology as invoked through the process of inhabitation
METHODS:
STUDY AREA:
El-Qanater Gardens, Cairo, Egypt.
MEASURES AND TECHNIQUES:
- Global measure of visual integration
- Loca measure of visual clustering coefficient
- Clustering coeffiecient of a given location quantifies the degree of convexity or converse multidirectionality of the isovists generated from that location
- Test the effect of Bell’s propisition that “node” can increase the balance and visual inertia of landscape space (Bell, 2004)
VGA OF THE STUDY AREA:
- Grid of 1.50m covering publically visible and accessible areas
- Landscape features one level of publically accessible space
- Previous studies have shown that integration is significantly correlated with movement
GATE COUNT ANALYSIS:
- “Depthmap ‘agent’ tool was used to calculate the expected ‘gate count’ by predicting pedestrian movement wirhin the three proposals based on the spacial configuration of trees.”
- Tool was developed by Turner (2003) and has been found useful in predicting theoretical movement.
RESULTS:
- According to the results of the VGA
- Highest value of global interraction is found in second option.
DISCUSSION:
- It is possible to predict the social structure of space syntax techniques using the method provided
- Two proposals did not show sufficient clustering potential
THE sOCIAL STRUCTURE OF SPACE:
- They are also expected to encourage social activities in large portions of the park
- Grid alternative creates a static space
- Central walkway does not permit park exploration
CONCLUSION:
- Tree planting has significant effect on spacial layout
REFERENCES:
(FROM ARTICLE)
Hillier, B., J., 1984. The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Penn, A., Hillier, B., Banister, D., Xu, J., 1998. Configurational Modelling of Urban Movement Networks, Environ. Plan B: Plan Des. 25, 59-84.
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